동명사 (gerund) (3) 동명사와 to 부정사, 해석 잘해야 대학간다
1> 목적어인 to 부정사 vs 동명사
to 부정사와 동명사는 모두 동사 다음에 와서 목적어가 될 수 있습니다.
I love to dance. (춤추는 것을) I love dancing. (춤추는 것을)
위 두 문장은 뜻이 같습니다. 그렇다면 둘 중에 아무거나 써도 될까요? 아닙니다. 위 love 동사의 경우는 to부정사나 동명사가 같은 뜻으로 해석됩니다. 그러나 동명사가 목적어로 오는 동사와 to 부정사가 목적어로 오는 동사가 다르기 때문에 무조건 외워야합니다. 동사와 to 부정사 혹은 동명사가 짝이 맞지 않으면 해석과 상관없이 '완전' 틀린 문장이 됩니다.
I decided to leave him. (O) -- decide + to 부정사이므로
I decided leaving him. (X)
그러므로 동사가 to 부정사를 목적어로 쓰는지 동명사를 쓰는지를 반드시 외워야합니다.
동명사 - enjoy, appreciate, quit, finish, avoid, postpone, keep, mind*
동사의 의미를 보면 이미 과거에 한 일에 대해 말하는 것이 많습니다.
to 부정사용 - hope, plan, intend, decide, promise, agree, refuse expect, want, need
동사의 의미가 대부분 앞으로 일어날 일에 대한 것입니다.
We enjoy dancing. (O) I hope to see him. (O)
We enjoy to dance (X) I hope seeing him. (X)
* 한걸음 더: mind - mind 는 우리말로 하자면 ‘꺼린다’ ‘내키지 않는다’ 입니다. 부정은 아니지만 싫다는 의미입니다. 긍정이 ‘싫다’가 되고 부정이 ‘괜찮다’가 됩니다. 그러므로 mind로 상대의 의견을 물어볼 때는 상대가 ‘괜찮다고 말할 것이다’라고 예상할 때 입니다.
Do you mind opening the window? 당신은 창문을 여는 것을 꺼려할까요?
Yes, I do. (Don't open the window. I don't like it.) 그래요. 난 싫어요. (강한 부정의 느낌)
No, I don't. (That's OK.) 아니오 괜찮아요.
문제1) 다음 단어를 이용하여 알맞은 형태로 문장을 완성하세요. 이어지는 이야기입니다. 흐름을 잘 살펴주세요. 단어는 중복해서 사용할 수 있고 쓰이지 않는 단어도 있습니다.
| see enjoy stop listen get let say givepick up live wait find work run go |
2. Rabbi told Jin _________________ back to the forest.
3. Jin did not wanted _______________ but she decided _______________ to her friends.
4. Jin said, " We are leaving. Do you mind _______________ out of my way?"
5. Piggy said, "Yes, I do mind________________ you go."
6. Piggy kept _______________ "I want you ________________ me 20 tomatoes."
7. Jin thought for a moment and said, "OK if you insist, give us some time_________________ some_____________.
8. I remember __________________ some."
9. Piggy said, "Be quick. I hate _________________ for someone or something.
10. Jin and her friends went to the forest ___________________ tomatoes.
11. They picked up 5 of them but. Suddenly Jin stoped _________________
12. Jin said, "I won't do this. She will ask more. We can't finish ________________
13. Let's go, and forget about tomatoes and Piggy. Jin started ____________ .
14. Rabbi and Jason were surprised but they agreed ____________________ .
15. "There must be a way out. Jin and friends started ___________________ .
16. Jason said, "Piggy was nothing when we had jaguar and black dingoes."
Rabbi also said, " Crocodiles are so rare these days." I used to be afraid ofthem but now I hope _________________ along with them.
문제2) 문제 1 박스의 동사를 활용하여 문장을 쓰고 목적어이거나 전치사 뒤에 나온 동명사에 밑줄 하시오.
1. 우리는 그 쇼를 즐겼다. (즐겁게 보았다)
2. 그들은 야구하는 것을 즐긴다.
3. 나는 그 가방을 원해.
4. 그녀는 저 가방을 사고 싶어 한다.
5. 꽃 고마워.
6. 꽃 보내줘서 고마워.
7. 나 장갑 필요해.
8. 우리 이야기할 필요가 있어.
9. 그는 그 일을 그만 두었다.
10. 그 아이는 책상을 두드리는 것을 그만두었다.
11. 우리는 강아지를 기다리고 있어요. (기대하고 있어요)
* expect 는 아기가 태어날 것을 기대한다 / 기다린다 에 가장 많이 쓰임
12. 그녀는 할머니를 만날 것을 기대하고 있다.
13. 게임 끝내자.
14. 우리는 청소하기를 마쳤다.
15. 그들은 우리의 제안을 거절했다.
16. 그는 우리와 함께 갈 것을 거절했다.
17. 그녀는 늘 검은 고양이를 피했다.
18. 그녀는 검은 고양이와 만나는 것을 피했다.
19. 나는 네 의견에 동의한다.
20. 그는 우리와 함께 책을 쓰는 것에 동의했다.
21. 교장 선생님은 소풍을 연기했다.
22. 우리 축구 하는 거 연기해야 해.
23. 나랑 약속해.
24. 그는 타란튤라를 돌볼 것을 약속했다.
25. 나 이 펜 가져도 돼?
26. 계속 이야기 해봐.
27. 너 거미 싫어하니?
28. 나 거미 키우는 거 괜찮아.
29. 나 이번 크리스마스 선물로 강아지를 바라고 있어.
30. 네가 행복하기를 바라.
2>뜻이 달라지는 동사들
love나 begin처럼 동사들 중에는 동명사나 to 부정사 둘 다 목적어로 가질 수 있는 것들이 있습니다. 하지만 몇몇 동사는 목적어가 동명사냐 부정사냐에 따라 동사의 의미가 달라집니다. 무조건 외워야 합니다.
1. 동명사/ to 부정사가 같은 뜻인 동사 - like, love, hate, start, begin, continue
I love to watch TV.(O) I love watching TV.(O)
It started to rain. (O) It started raining.(O)
2. 동명사 /to 부정사가 다른 뜻인 동사
stop
I stop smoking. (담배피우기를 그만 두었다.)
I stop to smoke. (담배 피우기 위해 그만 두었다.)
try
I tried singing and dancing, but I was not good at both of them. (시도하다)
* 한걸음 더: try + noun '으로 ~을 해보다' 의 뜻으로 쓰임을 기억하면 편리합니다.
Let's try a cookie on the tray. ( 쟁반에 과자 먹어보자.)
I try to be an actress. (노력하다.)
regret
I regret saying her secret to you. ( 말한 것을 후회한다.)
I regret to say that your cat has a tumor. (앞으로 말할 내용이 유감이다./ 미안하다)
remember
I remember locking the door. ( 과거에 문 잠근 사실을, 집을 나옴)
I remember to lock the door. (미래에 문 잠글 일을, 아직 집안에 있음)
forget
I usually forget talking about other people. (과거에 말했던 것을 )
I forgot to check the stove. (미래에 점검할 일을)
*한걸음 더 - ‘I'll never forget 동명사’ ‘동명사 한 것을 절대 잊지 못한다’로 암기합시다.
* 한걸음 더 - 뜻이 달라지는 동사는 중고등학교와 수능까지 출제 빈도가 높습니다. 그러므로 이렇게 외워보세요. 동사 다음의 동명사는 “R하는 것을”로만 해석됩니다. stop / try를 보면 분명합니다. 그런대 regret 의 경우 ‘후회하다’ 가 될 때 Ving 는 이미 한 일 즉 과거의 일이어야만 논리적으로 옳은 말이 됩니다. 여기에서 동명사는 과거 그리고 to 부정사는 미래라는 일관성이 생깁니다. 이 생각을 remember 와 forget 까지 이어갑시다.
문제3) 빈 칸에 알맞은 말을 쓰시오.
1. She stopped __________________ the dishes, because her baby started ___________________ . (do / cry )
2. They stopped in front of a gas station ___________________ it up.(fill)
3. Don't forget ____________________ me. (remember)
4. I was trying __________________ the car, but I couldn't. (fix)
5. The baby tried _________________ carefully. (walk)
6. I always forget ____________ the keys on the table. I just put into my bag. (put)
7. "I regret __________________ this, but we can't find your bag." (tell)
8. I regret __________________ him the information about the test. His score is
way much better than mine. (tell)
9. Did you remember______________ a time capsule in the garden last year? (find)
10. Yoon is a wonderful man. He always tries ___________________
others. (help)
11. Test day is getting closer. I nee to stop ___________________ around. (hang)
12. A; Do you usually remember _____________________ the door before you leave
home? (lock)
B: I always remember ______________, but I often forget_________________ the
windows. (lock)
13. I regret ___________________ to the party. I met my enemy there. (go)
14. I regret ____________________ her to my boyfriend. He fell in love
with her, and broke my heart. (introduce)
15. Stop __________________ to each other. (yell)
문제4) 다음 문장에서 동명사인 Ving를 찾아 그 역할을 구분하시오.
"I have to find something. There should be some idea..." Jin was trying hard, but she couldn't think of anything. Suddenly Jason said, "Hey, we can ask Kanga the king to help . He is a good animal, and he's fair." Rabbit agreed. It looked good idea to Jin as well, but his place was pretty far from here. "How can we get there so soon? It will take two or three months to get there, and he needs some time to take steps and ... it will take years. We can't make it." Jin said.
"You may be right but he can find some other ways to figure this out. Most of all he should know about Piggy. We really don't have to go there. We can ask a pigeon to go there for us. Flying bird is much faster, and if Piggy gets the news she might stop." Jason added another idea. "You are right. We should start finding a pigeon. It should be someone brave and smart." While Jin was saying, Jason plucked his feather under his wing, and threw it into the air. "What are you doing?" Rabbit and Jin asked. "It's our way to send an emergency message to friends. If any chicks find it, they will help us. I asked them to introduce a right pigeon for us."
Jin and Rabbit dropped their jaws with surprise. "Do you guys have such a system? Then why do you live as a meat? I mean food for people."
문제5) 다음 빈칸에 적당한 동사의 형태를 넣으시오.
We have this story ______________ (explain) that. Long long time ago, when our first father was _________________ (live) as freely as all other birds, first human appeared. At first, people didn't ______________ (eat) meat. They were satisfied with fruit and fish. Our fathers and mothers could __________________ (walk) along with them. However like other stories, there was a bad guy, and actually it was a chicken. This guy was so greedy and selfish just like Piggy. Moreover he was lazy enough ______________________ (steal) food. As you know people are not as clever as us, so they usually miss something. This bad chicken didn't want ___________________ (work), so he just followed people and got food. But I said, he was greedy as Piggy. He couldn't be satisfied with getting leftover. The fresh fruit in a child's hand looked delicious to him. Suddenly he jumped up and pecked the child's hand. He ________________ (peck) so hard, so the child lost one of her fingers. The god of the forest spotted the scene, and punished him. He burned him with a light, and he became a grilled chicken at once. The child and her parents were___________________ (scare) and tried to run away, but they couldn't _____________________ (resist) the smell. It was pulling them so hard. They approached to the chicken on the ground. It didn't have any feather, and it was brown. The skin was glossy with fat. People began _______________ (eat) the meat. It was like the taste of heaven. From that day on people began __________________ (eat) our flash, and the god took our power ________________ (fly) high, then we became their chicken. We chickens were upset. We thought it was too harsh. Therefore, we went to the god, and appealed. He got angrier, and told us ______________ (be) their meat for 1 million years.
해답
문제1)다음 단어를 이용하여 알맞은 형태로 문장을 완성하세요. 이어지는 이야기입니다. 흐름을 잘 살펴주세요. 단어는 중복해서 사용할 수 있고 쓰이지 않는 단어도 있습니다.
| see stop listen get let say bringpick up live wait enjoy work run go |
2. Rabbi told Jin to go back to the forest.
3. Jin did not wanted to go but she decided to listen to her friends.
4. Jin said, " We are leaving. Do you mind getting out of my way?"
5. Piggy said, "Yes, I do mind letting you go."
6. Piggy keptsaying "I want you to bring me 20 tomatoes."
7. Jin thought for a moment and said, "OK if you insist, give us some time
to pick some up .
8. I rememberseeing some."
9. Piggy said, "Be quick. I hate to wait / waiting for someone or something.
10. Jin and her friends went to the forest to pick up tomatoes.
11. They picked up 5 of them but. Suddenly Jin stoped working.
12. Jin said, " She will ask more. We can't finish working forever.
13. Let's go, and forget about tomatoes and Piggy. Jin started to go.
14. Rabbi and Jason were surprised but they agreed to go.
15. "There must be a way out. Jin and friends started to run .
16. Jason said, "Piggy was nothing when we had jaguar and black dingoes."
Rabbi also said, " Crocodiles are so rare these days." I used to be afraid of
them but now I hope to live along with them.
문제2) 문제1 박스의 동사를 활용하여 문장을 쓰고 목적어이거나 전치사 뒤에 나온 동명사에 밑줄 하시오.
1. 우리는 그 쇼를 즐겼다. (즐겁게 보았다) We enjoyed the show.
2. 그들은 야구하는 것을 즐긴다. They enjoy playing baseball.
3. 나는 그 가방을 원해. I wantthat bag.
4. 그녀는 저 가방을 사고 싶어 한다. She wants to buy the bag.
5. 꽃 고마워. Thank you for the flowers.
6. 꽃 보내줘서 고마워. Thank you for sending me the flowers.
7. 나 장갑 필요해. I needgloves.
8. 우리 이야기할 필요가 있어. We need to talk (over).
9. 그는 그 일을 그만 두었다. He quitted the job.
10. 그 아이는 책상을 두드리는 것을 그만두었다. The kid stopped beating the desk.
11. 우리는 강아지를 기다리고 있어요. (기대하고 있어요) We are expecting a puppy.
* expect 는 아기가 태어날 것을 기대한다 / 기다린다에 가장 많이 쓰임
12. 그녀는 할머니를 만날 것을 기대하고 있다.She is expecting to see her grandmother.
13. 게임 끝내자. Let's finish the game.
14. 우리는 청소하기를 마쳤다. We finished cleaning up.
15. 그들은 우리의 제안을 거절했다. They refused our proposal.
16. 그는 우리와 함께 갈 것을 거절했다. They refused to go with us.
17. 그녀는 늘 검은 고양이를 피했다. She always avoided black cats.
18. 그녀는 검은 고양이와 만나는 것을 피했다. She avoided seeing black cats.
19. 나는 네 의견에 동의한다. I agree with you. (agree 는 사람에게 동의할 때 agree with를 쓰기 때문에 you 는 너와 함께가 아니라 목적어입니다.)
20. 그는 우리와 함께 책을 쓰는 것에 동의했다. We agreed to write a book together.
( to write 이 목적어로 해석되지 않는 것은 우리말의 활용방식 때문으로 영어 문장으로서 동사의 목적어입니다.)
21. 교장 선생님은 소풍을 연기했다. The principal postponed a field trip.
22. 우리 축구 하는 거 연기해야 해. We should postpone playing soccer.
23. 나랑 약속해. Promise me.
24. 그는 타란튤라를 돌볼 것을 약속했다. He promised to take care of a tarantula.
25. 나 이 펜 가져도 돼? Can I keepthe pen?
26. 계속 이야기 해봐. Keep talking.
27. 너 거미 싫어하니? Do you hate spiders?
28. 나 거미 키우는 거 괜찮아. I don't mind keeping a spider.
29. 나 이번 크리스마스 선물로 강아지를 바라고 있어. I am expectinga dog for this Christmas.
30. 네가 행복하기를 바라. I wish you to be happy.
( to be 는 동사의 목적어가 아닙니다. 목적보어이고 다른 장에서 공부합니다.)
문제3) 빈 칸에 알맞은 말을 쓰시오.
1. She stopped doing the dishes, because her baby started crying / to cry.
2. They stopped in front of a gas station to fill it up.(fill)
3. Don't forget to remember me. (remember)
4. I was trying to fix the car, but I couldn't. (fix)
5. The baby tried to walk / walking carefully. (walk)
6. I always forget to put the keys on the table. I just put into my bag.(put)
7. "I regret to tell this, but we can't find your bag." (tell)
8. I regret telling him the information about the test. His score is
way much better than mine. (tell)
9. Did you remember finding a time capsule in the garden last year? (find)
10. Yoon is a wonderful man. He always tries to help others. (help)
11. Test day is getting closer. I nee to stop hanging around. (hang)
12. Do you usually remember to lock the door before you leave home? (lock)
I always remember to lock , but I often forget to lock the windows. (lock)
13. I regret going to the party. I met my enemy there. (go)
14. I regret introducing her to my boyfriend. He fell in love
with her, and broke my heart. (introduce)
15. Stop yelling to each other. (yell)
문제4) 다음 문장에서 동명사인 Ving를 찾아 그 역할을 구분하시오.
"I have to find something. There should be some idea..." Jin was trying hard, but she couldn't think of anything. Suddenly Jason said, "Hey, we can ask Kanga the king to help . He is a good animal, and he's fair." Rabbit agreed. It looked good idea to Jin as well, but his cave was pretty far from here. "How can we get there so soon? It will take two or three weeks to get there. We can't make it." Jin said.
"We really don't have to go there. We can ask a pigeon to go there for us. Flying bird is much faster, and if Piggy get the news, she might stop." Jason added another idea. Jin's face was enlightened. "We should start finding a pigeon.(목) It should be someone brave and smart." While Jin was saying, Jason plucked her feather under her wing, and threw it to the air. "What are you doing?" Rabbit and Jin asked. "It's our way to send an emergency message to friends. If any chicks find it, they will help us. I asked them to introduce a right pigeon for us."
Jin and Rabbit dropped their jaws with surprise. "Do you guys have such a system? Then why do you live as a meat? I mean food for people."
문제5) 다음 빈칸에 적당한 동사의 형태를 넣으시오.
We have this story to explain (explain) that. Long long time ago, when our first father was living (live) as freely as all other birds, first human appeared. At first, people didn't eat (eat) meat. They were satisfied with fruit and fish. Our fathers and mothers could walk (walk) along with them. However like other stories, there was a bad guy, and actually it was a chicken. This guy was so greedy and selfish just like Piggy. Moreover he was lazy enough to steal (steal) food. As you know people are not as clever as us, so they usually miss something. This bad chicken didn't want to work (work), so he just followed people and got food. But I said, he was greedy as Piggy. He couldn't be satisfied with getting leftover. The fresh fruit in a child's hand looked delicious to him. Suddenly he jumped up and pecked the child's hand. He pecked (peck) so hard, so the child lost one of her fingers. The god of the forest spotted the scene, and punished him. He burned him with a light, and he became a grilled chicken at once. The child and her parents were scared (scare) and tried to run away, but they couldn't resist (resist) the smell. It was pulling them so hard. They approached to the chicken on the ground. It didn't have any feather, and it was brown. The skin was glossy with fat. People began to eat / eating (eat) the meat. It was like the taste of heaven. From that day on people began to eat / eating (eat) our flash, and the god took our power to fly (fly) high, then we became their chicken. We chickens were upset. We thought it was too harsh. Therefore, we went to the god, and appealed. He got angrier, and told us to be (be) their meat for 1 million years.
* 주부 김희진은?
- 수도여고, 한양대학교(신문방송학과)를 졸업했습니다.
- 2002~2003년 캐나다 VCC(Vancouver Community College)에서 테솔 과정(TESOL certificate)을 수료하고 아들 영어 공부를 위해 ‘이야기 문법책’을 만들었습니다.
- 궁금한 점이나 의문사항이 있으면 khjhy85@hanmail.net으로 언제든지 연락주세요.
[저작권자ⓒ 한스타미디어. 무단전재-재배포 금지]
